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Stair calculator

Floor-to-floor height in, a buildable flight out: equal risers, a going that matches your stride, the pitch, and how much floor the stair actually takes.

The target riser only picks the riser count — the flight then divides the height into equal risers, so the actual riser is the division, not the target. Going is measured nosing to nosing.

✓ riser 150–190 mm
✓ going ≥ 250 mm
✓ 2R + G within 600–650 mm
✓ pitch ≤ 42°
Risers
17 × 176.5 mm
Treads16
2R + G633 mm
Pitch32.2°
Total run (straight)4.48 m
Draw this stair in Gridsnap

Opens the editor with the flight already placed17 steps over its 4.48 m run. Stairs are parametric, so change the count or switch to an L or U and the treads relay themselves.

Method

The formula

risers = round(rise ÷ target riser), then riser = rise ÷ risers — every step identical. For the defaults: 3000 ÷ 175 ≈ 17.1, so 17 risers of 3000 ÷ 17 = 176.5 mm. With a 280 mm going that scores 2 × 176.5 + 280 = 633 mm on the 2R + G stride rule (aim for 600–650), at a pitch of 32.2°. A straight flight has one fewer tread than risers — the top "tread" is the upper floor itself — so it runs 16 × 280 = 4.48 m in plan.

These are comfort conventions, not building code — codes set national hard limits on top (riser, going, pitch, headroom, width). The checks in the form mark the comfortable zone.

FAQ

Common questions

Related: room sizes & clearances for stair widths and landings, the glossary for riser/going vocabulary, and adding a storey for where the floor-to-floor height comes from.

What is a comfortable riser height and going?

The rule of thumb used across most of Europe is 2R + G between 600 and 650 mm — twice the riser plus the going should match a natural stride. In practice that means risers of 150–190 mm with goings of 250–320 mm; the classic comfortable pair is around 175/280. Steeper than 190 mm feels like a ladder; shallower than 150 mm trips people who expect a taller step.

Why does the calculator round to a whole number of risers?

Every riser in a flight must be identical — a single odd step is the classic trip hazard, and most codes forbid a variation of more than a few millimetres. So the floor-to-floor height is divided into a whole number of equal risers, and the riser you get is that division, not the target you asked for. The Gridsnap editor works the same way: its parametric stairs divide the storey height into equal risers automatically.

Is this a building-code check?

No — these are comfort conventions, not regulations. National codes set hard limits (a common pattern for private stairs: riser at most 190–220 mm, going at least 220–250 mm, pitch at most 42°, headroom at least 2000 mm) and they differ by country and by whether the stair is a main or a secondary one. Check your jurisdiction before building; use this to land in the comfortable zone first.

How long does the stairwell opening need to be?

Long enough that your head clears the floor above — about 2000 mm of headroom measured vertically above every tread nosing. Count how many risers you descend before your head passes under the floor edge: roughly (floor thickness + 2000) ÷ riser. The opening must span the remaining treads. The honest answer is that this is exactly the kind of geometry worth drawing rather than computing: put the stair on a plan with the floor above and the section answers it.

What about landings and turning stairs?

A landing takes the place of one going in plan but no riser — the flight keeps climbing after it. An L (quarter-turn) or U (half-turn) stair has the same riser arithmetic as a straight one; only the plan footprint folds. In Gridsnap, straight, L and U stairs are all parametric: set width, the space you have, and the number of steps, and the treads and landing are laid out for you.

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